Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

It is a keyboard that separates the keys into two halves shaped like a wide "V." Some keyboards have a fixed layout, while others are movable. To the touch typist, the layout feels odd at first, it puts less stress on the hands and wrist. It also winds up being comfortable for most people.






Inkjet Printer

Inkjet printers are the most common type of consumer printers. The inkjet technology works by spraying very fine drops of ink on a sheet of paper. These droplets are "ionized" which allows them to be directed by magnetic plates in the ink's path. As the paper is fed through the printer, the print head moves back and forth, spraying thousands of these small droplets on the page.

While inkjet printers used to lack the quality and speed of laser printers, they have become almost as fast as laser printers and some can even produce higher-quality images. Even low-budget inkjet printers can now print high-resolution photos. The amazing thing is, as the quality of inkjet printers has improved, the prices have continued to drop. However, for most people, refilling the inkjet cartridges a few times will often cost more than the printer.




Laser Printer

A printer that uses a laser and the electrophotographic method to print a full page at a time. The laser "paints" a charged drum with light, to which toner is applied and then transferred onto paper (see electrophotographic for more details). Desktop laser printers use cut sheets like a copy machine. Large printers may use paper rolls that are cut after printing.

Magnetic-ink Character Reader (MICR)

As an Optical Character Reader (OCR) is not perfect at converting standard printed text into electronic form, there is a more reliable system available. It is called the magnetic ink character reader.

Advantage:

• Very reliable, low errors
• High speed
• Not so sensitive to grubby paper.

Disadvantage:

• The ink technology is relatively expensive
• The font has to be specific.

Optical-Character Recognition (OCR)

Often abbreviated OCR, optical character recognition refers to the branch of computer science that involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the computer can manipulate (for example, into ASCII codes). An OCR system enables you to take a book or a magazine article, feed it directly into an electronic computer file, and then edit the file using a word processor.






Optical-mark Recognition (OMR)

Optical Mark Recognition (also called Optical Mark Reading and OMR) is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.  Many traditional OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) devices work with a dedicated scanner device that shines a beam of light onto the form paper. The contrasting reflectivity at predetermined positions on a page is then utilized to detect the marked areas because they reflect less light than the blank areas of the paper.

Secondary Storage

File Compression
File compression is the practice of packaging a file or files to use less disk space. The File Compression category includes software programs that will archive your files and extract archived files such as ZIP and RAR files. Many products in this category let you manage files and protect them with encryption. Notable titles include WinZip, WinRAR, and 7-Zip.




Hard Crash

When a hard drive spins, the head that reads and writes the magnetic data floats just above the surface of the platter. Originally, the term hard drive crash referred to the head literally crashing into the platter, causing serious damage to your hardware and data.
An abrupt halting of operations by a computer due to a malfunction, allowing the users or operators of the computer little or no time to minimize its effects.







Internet Hard Drive

The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files (pictures, documents, music, videos, etc.) from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet. Similar to depositing money into your bank account, and later withdrawing that same money from any ATM machine, an Internet hard drive will allow you to "deposit" your computer files into a remote hard drive, and then later access those very same files from any other computer.

Optical Disc Drive

In the real world, "optical" refers to vision, or the ability to see. In the computer world, however, "optical" refers to lasers, which can "see" and read data on optical discs. These discs include CDs and DVDs, which are made up of millions of small bumps and dips. Optical drives have lasers that read these bumps and dips as ones and zeros, which the computer can understand.

Some common types of optical drives include CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, and Blu-ray drives. CD and DVD writers, such as CD-R and DVD-R drives use a laser to both read and write data on the discs. The laser used for writing the data is much more powerful than the laser that reads the data, as it "burns" the bumps and dips into the disc. While optical drives can spin discs at very high speeds, they are still significantly slower than hard drives, which store data magnetically. However, because optical media is inexpensive and removable, it is the most common format used for distributing computer software.

Solid-State Storage

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits (ICs) rather than magnetic or optical media. It is the equivalent of large-capacity, nonvolatile memory. Examples include flash memory Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices and various proprietary removable packages intended to replace external hard drives.

The System Unit

 Flash memory

               A computer chip with a read-only memory that retains its data when the power is turned off and that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed without being removed from the circuit board, often used in fax machines.

 

Graphic cards

      Your graphics card (also called a video card) is the hardware that actually creates the images shown on your monitor. For three-dimensional applications like the Second Life Viewer, this card does much of the work involved in actually calculating and drawing the 3D world. As a result, your graphics card plays a very important part in your Second Life experience.

Sound cards

            

Integrated circuit that generates an audio signal and sends it to a computer's speakers. The sound card can accept an analog sound (as from a microphone or audio tape) and convert it to digital data that can be stored in an audio file, or accept digitized audio signals (as from an audio file) and convert them to analog signals that can be played on the computer's speakers. On a personal computer, the sound card is usually a separate circuit board that is plugged into the motherboard.

Network interface card (NIC)

 


Often abbreviated as NIC, an expansion board you insert into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media, although some can serve multiple networks.
 

Plug and Play

            

(1) The ability to add a new component to a system and have it work automatically without having to do any technical analysis or manual configuration. See definition below, UPnP and Plug-and-play TV.
(2) (Plug and Play) A standard from Intel for peripheral expansion on a PC. On starting up the computer, Plug and Play (PnP) recognizes the attached peripheral devices and adjusts the appropriate internal settings, namely configuring the IRQ, DMA and I/O address. See IRQ, DMA and PC I/O addressing.

Bus Line

        
A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another. You can think of a bus as a highway on which data travels within a computer. When used in reference to personal computers, the term bus usually refers to internal bus. This is a bus that connects all the internal computer components to the CPU and main memory. There's also an expansion bus that enables expansion boards to access the CPU and memory.

HDMI

             Short for High-Definition Multimedia Interface, it is the first industry-supported uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface. It's a single cable and user-friendly connector that replaces the maze of cabling behind the home entertainment center. HDMI provides an interface between any audio/video source, such as a set-top box, DVD player, or A/V receiver and an audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV), over a single cable. 

 

Cache memory

           
 A memory cache, sometimes called a cache store or RAM cache, is a portion of memory made of high-speed static RAM (SRAM) instead of the slower and cheaper dynamic RAM (DRAM) used for main memory. Memory caching is effective because most programs access the same data or instructions over and over. By keeping as much of this information as possible in SRAM, the computer avoids accessing the slower DRAM.

Specialized Application Software

Audio Editing Software

Cut, join, trim, mix, delete parts, split with  audio editing software . Use Timeline for maximum precision. Use specially designed filters to remove irritating sounds like roaring, hissing, crackling, etc.

 

Bitmap Image

A bitmap is one of many types of file formats for images stored in a computerized form. It carries the extension .BMP. Computers use bits of 1 and 0 to store data. A bitmap is literally a map of bits that form a particular picture when rendered to a display like a computer monitor.

 

HTML Editor

Also called an authoring tool, an HTML editor is a software program that inserts HTML code as you create a HTML file. Some editors will provide a word processing GUI enabling users to create HTML documents without knowing any HTML code.

 

Multimedia

Multimedia is the combined use of media, such as movies, music, lighting, CD-ROMs, and the Internet, as for education or entertainment. It is also the combined use of media, such as television, radio, print, and the Internet, as for advertising or publicity.

Vector Image

It is a computer image that uses mathmatical descriptions of paths and fills to define the graphic.
vee lock, It is also a display lock used in shaping light weight stock.




Web Authering

Basic Application Software

Graphical User Interface (GUI )

It is a software interface designed to standardize and simplify the use of computer programs, as by using a mouse to manipulate text and images on a display screen featuring icons, windows, and menus.

GUI is also an interface between a user and a computer system that involves the use of a mouse-controlled screen cursor to select options from menus, make choices with buttons, start programs by clicking icons, etc.



Word Processor

A word processor (also more formally known as a document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of viewable or printed material. They are descended from early text formatting tools (sometimes called text justification tools, from their only real capability). Word processing was one of the earliest applications for the personal computer in office productivity. Although early word processors used tag-based markup for document formatting, most modern word processors take advantage of a graphical user interface. Most are powerful systems consisting of one or more programs which can produce any arbitary combination of images, graphics and text, the latter handled with full-blown type-setting capability.

A word processor (also more formally known as a document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of viewable or printed material. They are descended from early text formatting tools (sometimes called text justification tools, from their only real capability). Word processing was one of the earliest applications for the personal computer in office productivity. Although early word processors used tag-based markup for document formatting, most modern word processors take advantage of a graphical user interface. Most are powerful systems consisting of one or more programs which can produce any arbitary combination of images, graphics and text, the latter handled with full-blown type-setting capability.

A word processor, or word processing program, does exactly what the name implies. It processes words. It also processes paragraphs, pages, and entire papers. Some examples of word processing programs include Microsoft Word, WordPerfect (Windows only), AppleWorks (Mac only), and OpenOffice.org.

The first word processors were basically computerized typewriters, which did little more than place characters on a screen, which could then be printed by a printer. Modern word processing programs, however, include features to customize the style of the text, change the page formatting, and may be able to add headers, footers, and page numbers to each page. Some may also include a "Word Count" option, which counts the words and characters within a document.

While all these features can be useful and fun to play with, the most significant improvement over the typewriter is the word processor's ability to make changes to a document after it has been written. By using the mouse, you can click anywhere within the text of a document and add or remove content. Since reprinting a paper is much easier than retyping it, word processing programs have make revising text documents a much more efficient process.

The term "text editor" can also be used to refer to a word processing program. However, it is more commonly used to describe basic word processing programs with limited features.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is a grid that organizes data into columns and rows.

Spreadsheets make it easy to display information, and people can insert formulas to work with the data. For example, there is a particular icon that has a formula to sum up numbers that are given. This icon is called auto sum.  Information can also be sorted and filtered. 
People use spreadsheet programs to learn about different kinds of things, and to make decisions. Spreadsheets are based on different varieties of subjects. This site will highlight the use of spreadsheets in the classroom.  You will find ideas for every subject.  On this website, we will be using Microsoft Excel.  



Database Management System (DBMS)

A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.



Utility Suites

A word processor (also more formally known as a document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of viewable or printed material. They are descended from early text formatting tools (sometimes called text justification tools, from their only real capability). Word processing was one of the earliest applications for the personal computer in office productivity. Although early word processors used tag-based markup for document formatting, most modern word processors take advantage of a graphical user interface. Most are powerful systems consisting of one or more programs which can produce any arbitary combination of images, graphics and text, the latter handled with full-blown type-setting capability.

The Internet and The Web

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FTP (file transfer protocol)

Short for File Transfer Protocol, the protocol for exchanging files over the Internet. FTP works in the same way as HTTP for transferring Web pages from a server to a user's browser and SMTP for transferring electronic mail across the Internet in that, like these technologies, FTP uses the Internet's TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer.

FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a server (e.g., uploading a Web page file to a server).

Plugins

Though software plug-ins might not make your room smell as nice as the scented ones you stick in an outlet, they are still useful. A software plug-in is an add-on for a program that adds functionality to it. For example, a Photoshop plug-in (such as Eye Candy) may add extra filters that you can use to manipulate images. A browser plug-in (such as Macromedia Flash or Apple QuickTime) allows you to play certain multimedia files within your Web browser. VST plug-ins add effects for audio recording and sequencing programs such as Cubase and Logic Audio.

Most graphics and audio programs today support plug-ins since they are a convenient way to expand the capabilities of the program. Though some plug-ins may be shipped with the program, most are developed by third-parties and are sold separately. Because companies that make browser plug-ins are often competing for a standard (such as Flash and QuickTime), these plug-ins are usually available as free downloads from the Internet.


 



Filters

Filtering unnecessary data from data protection operations can reduce backup/migration time, storage space, and recovery time. Most, but not all iDataAgents include some filtering capability at the subclient level.
File systems' subclient filters can be defined for a path, directory, or file level.
Some application iDataAgents such as Exchange Mailbox, Lotus Notes Database, and Lotus Notes Document also allow filters to be defined.
There are four basic types of filters that can be used:


- Exclusion filters can be defined at the subclient level and exclude data from being unnecessarily protected. See Ad/Edit a Data Protection Filter for a Subclient for step-by-step instructions.


-Exception filters can only be defined at the subclient level for supported agents. An Exception filter allows you to define directory or file exceptions to a filter defined in the exclusion section. For example, you can "exclude" the C:\Temp directory with the "exception" of C:\Temp\log directory.


 Internet Security suite

Suites combine multiple features into a single product. There are tradeoffs in using suites. It is convenient to have several features bundled together. Dealing with one vendor may be easier for upgrades and support.  If you have 3 home computers, a 3 license suite may save you money and reduce the work to install and maintain your security software. On the other hand, suites may have strong features mixed with weaker ones. They may not have every security and privacy feature that you need or want.

Wiki

It is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its 17 million articles (over 3.5 million in English) have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world, and almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site.Wikipedia was launched in 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger and has become the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet, ranking seventh among all websites on Alexa and having 365 million readers.




 Javascripts



A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites. Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed independently. Javascript can interact with HTML source code, enabling Web authors to spice up their sites with dynamic content. JavaScript is endorsed by a number of software companies and is an open language that anyone can use without purchasing a license. It is supported by recent browsers from Netscape and Microsoft, though Internet Explorer supports only a subset, which Microsoft calls Jscript.




 Applets

In computing, an applet is any small application that performs one specific task, sometimes running within the context of a larger program, perhaps as a plug-in. However, the term typically also refers to Java applets, i.e., programs written in the Java programming language that are included in a web page.The word Applet was first used in 1993 by the application AppleScript.







HTML

HyperText Markup Language: a set of standards, a variety of SGML, used to tag the elements of a hypertext document. It is the standard protocol for formatting and displaying documents on the World Wide Web.




 URL




/U-R-L/ or /erl/ n. Uniform Resource Locator, an address widget that identifies a document or resource on the World Wide Web. This entry is here primarily to record the fact that the term is commonly pronounced both /erl/, and /U-R-L/ (the latter predominates in more formal contexts).

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Careers In IT

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Webmaster

 Webmaster also called a site author, website administrator, is a person responsible for maintaining one or many websites.The duties of the webmaster is to ensure that the web servers, hardware and software are operating accurately, designing the website, generating and revising web pages, replying to user comments, and examining traffic through the site.

Computer Support Specialist

Computer support specialists help people use computers. When something goes wrong, support specialists figure out why. Then, they try to fix it.Computer support specialists also install printers, software, and other computer tools. Then, they teach people how to use them. Sometimes, they write instruction books.

Technical Writer

Technical writer also called as a technical communicator is a professional writer that designs, creates and maintains technical documentation. This documentation includes online help, user guide, white papers, design specifications, system manuals, and other documents.

Software engineer

Software engineering is a profession dedicated to designing, implementing, and modifying software so that it is of higher quality, more affordable, maintainable, and faster to build. It is a "systematic approach to the analysis, design, assessment, implementation, test, maintenance and re-engineering of a software by applying engineering to the software".

Network administrator

A network administrator is a person responsible for the maintenance of computer hardwares and software that comprises a computer network. This normally includes deploying, configuring, maintaining and monitoring active network equipment.The network administrator is usually the level of technical or network staff in an organization and will rarely be involved with direct user support.

Data administrator

The analysis, classification and maintenance of an organization's data and data relationships. It includes the development of data models and data dictionaries, which, combined with transaction volume, are the raw materials for database design.




System analyst

A systems analyst researches problems, plans solutions, recommends software and systems, and coordinates development to meet business or other requirements. They will be familiar with multiple approaches to problem-solving. Analysts are often familiar with a variety of programming languages, operating systems, and computer hardware platforms.

Programmer

A programmer, computer programmer or coder is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst.



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